Use devices to target pollutants in this order
Legend
| These devices are used to address Primary and Secondary pollutants – GP + coarse SS. |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| These devices are used to address Secondary and Tertiart pollutants – Fine sediment + dissolved. |
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| These devices are used to address Secondary & Tertiary, and can be used to address GP but really shouldn’t. |
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| These devices are used to address all of the pollutants. used to address Primary and Secondary pollutants – GP + coarse SS. |
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| Devices removing dissolved pollutants only |
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| Devices removing GP only |
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Manufactured Treatments
Manufactured devices are very good at removing Gross Pollutants and coarse Suspended Solids. Some examples are:
Vortex separators: Rocla CDS unit, Spel Vortceptor Other GP and sediment removal devices (Humeceptor, Ecoceptor, Bafflebox) or Pit baskets (a mesh that is located inside the stormwater pit).
These devices should be used right after a catchment such as road or driveway, carpark, etc.
These devices don’t have to be used between roofs and standard above ground rainwater tanks. A litter trap and first flush device is used for those.
In the case of underground rainwater tanks which are fed from a piped system that includes roads, these tanks definitely need to be protected from GP and TSS by a device as above.
Vortex separators: Rocla CDS unit, Spel Vortceptor Other GP and sediment removal devices (Humeceptor, Ecoceptor, Bafflebox) or Pit baskets (a mesh that is located inside the stormwater pit).
These devices should be used right after a catchment such as road or driveway, carpark, etc.
These devices don’t have to be used between roofs and standard above ground rainwater tanks. A litter trap and first flush device is used for those.
In the case of underground rainwater tanks which are fed from a piped system that includes roads, these tanks definitely need to be protected from GP and TSS by a device as above.
Manufactured devices which are doing a similar job as a bioretention, for example.
These devices are generally located under ground and take the form of some type of filtration devices.
Some examples are filters, which there are a large variety of, from all the reputable manufacturers.
These filter-type devices save space by being underground.
Usually encased in concrete or fiberglass polymer housing with manhole for maintenance.
These devices are generally located under ground and take the form of some type of filtration devices.
Some examples are filters, which there are a large variety of, from all the reputable manufacturers.
These filter-type devices save space by being underground.
Usually encased in concrete or fiberglass polymer housing with manhole for maintenance.
These devices are only removing dissolved pollutants.
An example of such devices floating wetlands.
The floating wetlands are basically a platform which allows plants to float on top of the water, with roots inside the water column.
The roots remove dissolved pollutants such as Phosphorus and Nitrogen from the water body.
Floating wetlands is not yet available for modelling and will be added soon to JCO.
An example of such devices floating wetlands.
The floating wetlands are basically a platform which allows plants to float on top of the water, with roots inside the water column.
The roots remove dissolved pollutants such as Phosphorus and Nitrogen from the water body.
Floating wetlands is not yet available for modelling and will be added soon to JCO.
These devices are only remove Gross Pollutants.
There are a few types of these devices:
There are a few types of these devices:
- Trash racks, on a pipe discharge
- Pipe nets, on a pipe discharge
- Litter Traps/First Flush Devices – these usually protect above ground Rainwater Tanks from roof litter.
These devices are fully self-contained units which address all the pollutants.
There are a few of these devices:
There are a few of these devices:
- Permeable Pavements. They keep the GP and TSS above the pavement and address some of the dissolved pollutants as water seeps through the pavement.
- Mechanical/Chemical devices such as a Hydrosystem – which stops GPs and addresses TSS, TP and TN through filtration
- Mechanical/Chemical/Biological such as a Spelbasin.
Constructed Treatments
Disclaimer: This website is for general information and it contains general advice only, prepared in good faith based on our understanding of relevant laws.No one should rely on the detailed contents in this website without first obtaining advice from a suitably qualified person.
The Bioretention node allows for the creation of a generic bioretention system, also known as a raingarden (Does not include the creation of tree pits and rooftop raingardens as they have separate respective nodes).
Bioretention systems detain stormwater and utilise multiple layers of soil and vegetation to filter and treat pollutants. The process of detaining stormwater also reduces peak volumes of runoff during high rainfall events. The treated stormwater can be directed to stormwater drainage systems or harvested for reuse.
Design Considerations
Bioretentions are recommended in the following usage cases:
- Built as an end-of-line measure (typically requires a GPT or other to filter TSS and GP’s)
Bioretentions can be a high maintenance treatment measure depending on the upstream water quality. They should not be used when the water treated has high levels of sediment and litter, the system will quickly be clogged and cease to effectively function. Additionally, catchments with high flow rates should avoid this measure as the garden bed can be easily eroded. A MUSIC Bioretention node has 31 parameters which can be varied, many of them set to various values by Authority Guidelines. Building an appropriate Bioretention as per Guidelines is quite difficult and checking of parameters by Authority is near impossible. John Connor Online sets parameters as per Authority Guidelines, and only allows inputs within the appropriate values.
| User Inputs | Min | Max | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extended Detention Depth (m) | 0.01 | 0.35 | A high Extended Detention Depth will flood the plants and kill them. |
| Highflow Bypass (L/s) | 1 | NA | This value shows at what level of flow the water gets rediverted. Please note the diversion takes place even if the bio is not full. |
| Filter Depth (m) | 0.4 | 0.7 | Below min filter depth plants may not have enough soil to adequately grow. |
| Filter Area (m2) | 0.5 | NA | This is the area of the filter, where the plants are planted |
| Surface Area (m2) | 0 | NA | Same as or larger than the filter area. Surface area is larger depending on how steep the EDD batter is. |
| Overflow Weir Width (m) | 2 | NA | For example this his is the perimeter of the overflow pit. This value should be proportional with the surface area. A very low overflow weir width leads to plants being flooded. |
| Submerged Zone Depth (m) | 0 | 0.5 | A zone under the outflow which keeps some moisture, to increase plant survivability. |
*Min max input table based on typical engineering bounds and may differ depending on local authority rules
The Tree pit node is modelled as “bioretention” with parameters specific to tree pits.
Tree pits function in a similar way to raingarden bioretention systems, by detaining stormwater and utilising permeable soil and vegetation (in this case trees) to filter and treat pollutants. As with raingardens, the water filtered can be reused or output to the stormwater drainage system.
Design Considerations
Tree pits are recommended in Individual allotments or Subdivisions.
Tree Pits can be a high maintenance treatment measure depending on the upstream water quality. They should not be used when the water treated has high levels of sediment and litter, the system can quickly be clogged and cease to effectively function. Additionally, catchments with high flow rates should ensure a diversion is installed to prevent erosion.
| User Inputs | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|
| Extended Detention Depth (m) | 0.01 | 0.3 |
| Highflow Bypass (L/s) | 0 | NA |
| Filter Depth (m) | 0.7 | 1 |
| Filter Area (m2) | 0.5 | NA |
| Overflow Weir Width (m) | 2 | NA |
Roof Raingardens are green areas which are built atop of buildings, providing a variety of benefits. In addition to amenity value for residents, .
Roof Raingardens function in a similar way to typical raingarden/bioretention systems, by detaining stormwater and utilising permeable soil and vegetation to filter and treat pollutants. As with regular raingarden/bioretention systems, the water filtered can be reused or output to the stormwater drainage system.
Swales are devices which are great to use atop catchments. However, there area many requirements for swales:
They cannot be too steep due to erosion, not too flat due to ponding,
Batters not too steep due to safety, velocity x depth product too high will wash away children and pets,
A too high width/length aspect ration means they’re ineffective and
and
A too high grass leads to snakebites.
John Connor Online implements limits required by Authority for the Swale node.
For further information, good resources can be found here:
Sediment Basins are used for capture of gross pollutants and coarse sediment.
When modelling, John Connor Online preloads the required parameters as per Authority Guidelines.
It is important to note that there are minimum requirements for Sediment Basin Depth (e.g. it cannot be a 200mm deep puddle) and also there’s a requirement for minimum detention time (e.g. water can’t rush through it in 15 minutes).
This is due to sedimentation time requirements.
When building the sediment basin, do not forget the maintenance requirements.
A good resource for more information is here:
Wetland are large water bodies which are usually used to polish the stormwater.
They clean the water to a high standard, while providing good amenity.
Wetlands need to be protected by a Primary/Secondary device such as a Vortex separator, a Sedimentation basin or such.
The EDD cannot be too high so it doesn’t suffocate plants by flooding them.
The average permanent pool height limits should be between 0.3m and 0.7m.
Water needs to move slowly through the wetland, so that it allows treatment to take place.
John Connor Online puts limits on the appropriate values, and ensures all values required by Authority are preloaded.
A good resource:
Rainwater tanks have various sizes and characteristics.
Modelling a rainwater tank with MUSIC requires detailed knowledge.
John Connor Online informs users of what the values mean and what appropriate demands are.
John Connor Online implements limits required by Authority for the Rainwater Tank node.
For further information, good resources can be found here:
